Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Technical Explanation
Environmental Impact Assessment is the process of identifying, predicting, and evaluating the potential environmental effects of a proposed project before decisions are made. An EIA study examines factors like air, water, soil, ecology, noise, and socio-economic impacts, and proposes mitigation measures. It results in an EIA Report, which is reviewed by regulators and the public prior to project approval.
Main requirements
Required by law for projects with significant environmental implications (e.g. infrastructure, mining, industrial plants). Needs baseline environmental data (field surveys for flora/fauna, water quality, etc.), public consultation, and expert analyses (e.g. modeling of impacts). The main outcome is to inform decision-makers and ensure environmental considerations are integrated into project planning.